The RAN as a whole is structured as follows:

• In the gateway:
  • The packet forwarder receives LoRa frames and forwards them to the server at lns which is usually 172.18.0.1 on UDP port 1700
  • There is a bscc daemon that will be interfaced with the RAN BSC component
  • There is a snmp daemon that will be interfaced with the RAN
  • There is an OpenVPN package that will handle the secure connection to the RAN
• In the RAN:
  • The BSC will handle the gateway system management (software, remote shell, system status, etc)
  • The RNC will handle the radio management (spectral scan, frequency planning, etc)
  • The LNS will handle the LoRaWAN data (RX/TX)

To analyze your potential issues, it is best to go from bottom to top and check every layer:

1. Check basic network
   • if Ethernet, ensure that the link is up, a valid IP is set (either manually or through DHCP)
   • if WiFi, ensure that the SSID is properly connected and that a valid IP is configured (either manually or through DHCP)
   • if cellular, ensure that the APN is properly configured, that the cell signal is good and that there is an IP
   • either way, it is usually checked through the ifconfig command, and possibly by trying to ping a machine on the Internet (e.g. 8.8.8.8)
2. Check installed software
   • On iBTS or iFemtoCell, run the command: ipkg list-installed: this will list the installed packages
   • On Wirnet Station, run the command: get_version -u -v and check the update log
   • Either way, please check that the bscc, snmp, openvpn and the packet forwarder packages are installed
3. Check that the software is running
   • On iBTS or iFemtoCell, run the command: monit status
   • On all systems, run the command: ps ww
   • Either way, please ensure that the bscc, snmp, openvpn and the packet forwarder processes are running
4. Check that the connection to the RAN is working
   • Check that you have VPN interface in ifconfig
   • Check that you can ping 172.18.0.1 and 10.8.0.1
   • Check that you can ping lns and snmp

• Check main system logs at /var/log/messages
• Check packet forwarder logs at /user/spf2/var/log/ for iBTS, /user/spf/var/log for iFemtoCell and /mnt/fsuser-1/spf for Wirnet Station
• Check the kernel boot log with the dmesg command

If you couldn't find why your station is not visible on the RAN dashboard or why you can't receive/send LoRa frames, please contact the support:

• http://otrs.kerlinkm2mtechnologies.com/customer.pl and open a ticket
• support@kerlink.fr if you don't have an OTRS account yet

Either way, please provide information about your product and your issue:

• serial number
• product version
• logs
• desired behavior / expected result
• list of checks that you already did

These items can be collected by following the Process Flow step.