Wirnet™ i-series

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====== Radio scanning ======

===== Boot Noise Measurment =====

The ''BNM'', which stand for Boot Noise Measurement, initiates a spectral scan at startup.

==== The BNM files ====

<code>
/
├── etc
│   ├── bnm
│   │   ├── bnm-868.conf                           # The board configuration file.
│   │   │
│   │   └── bnm.conf                               # The global configuration file.
│   │
│   ├── init.d
│   │   └── bnm                                    # The startup script.
│   │
│   └── rc5.d
│       └── S55bnm -> ../init.d/bnm                # The BNM is started whith runlevel 5.
│
├── usr
│   ├── bin
│   │   └── klk_spectral_scan                      # The utility which run the spectral scan.
│   │
│   └── share
│       └── bnm
│           ├── bnm-868.conf                       # The default board configuration files.
│           ├── bnm-915.conf                       # These files define the min and max frequencies
│           ├── bnm-923.conf                       # to scan.
│           │
│           └── klk-loraloc-v1.0.6.kbin            # The needed loraloc firmware.
│
└── var
    ├── backups
    │   └── bnm
    │       ├── bnm.0.tar.gz                       # The backup files. Every output files are included
    │       └── bnm.1.tar.gz                       # in these files. Backup files are rotated by size.
    └── log
        └── bnm
            ├── bnm_slot1_radio1_180219155423.csv  # The last output files. There is one for each slot
            └── bnm_slot1_radio2_180219155423.csv  # and for each radio.
</code>

==== Configure BNM ====

These parameters can be changed by the user in the global configuration file ''/etc/bnm/bnm.conf''.
The BNM feature takes some time when the gateway is booting. To avoid Boot Noise Measurement, disable it in this file (Set ''disable'' in the field ''BNM_ENABLE''). \\
The default configuration is the following.

<file bash bnm.conf>
# BNM is executed at boot.
BNM_ENABLE="enable"

# Radio configuration.
STEP_FREQ_MHZ=1
BANDWIDTH_HZ=62500
BITRATE_BPS=600
RADIO_NB="1 2"

# Number of samples by frequency.
SAMPLES_NB=20

# Additional arguments for klk_spectral_scan.
ADDITIONAL_ARGS="--strip-zero"

# Number of seconds before scans timeout.
TIMEOUT_SEC=90

# Backup size in bytes.
BACKUP_SIZE=102400
</file>
//''RADIO_NB'' parameter is only available for Wirnet iBTS as this gateway owns 2 LoRa modems per LoRa module (until 4 LoRa modules). On Wirnet iFemtoCell, there is only one LoRa modem and no LoRa module.//\\
\\
The start frequency and the stop frequency are defined in the default board configuration file. The board configuration file name changes according to the region.

<file bash bnm-868.conf>
# Radio configuration.
START_FREQ_MHZ=853
STOP_FREQ_MHZ=883
</file>

==== Example ====

=== The BNM is launched at startup ===
<code>
Starting BNM... done
Starting ifplugd: done
Starting Status manager
Starting System manager
Starting Time manager
Starting SMS manager
Starting Lighttpd Web Server: lighttpd.
Starting MonitStarting Monit 5.20.0 daemon with http interface at [localhost]:2812
.
Starting network management services: snmpd.
Executing network monitoring daemon...
Keros (Kerlink OS Distribution) 4.0.2 klk-lpbs-050789 /dev/console
klk-lpbs-050789 login: root
</code>

=== Get the result ===
The result of the measurement is available in the ''/var/log/bnm/'' folder.

  * __Wirnet iBTS example:__<code>
root@klk-lpbs-XXXXXX:/ # ll /var/log/bnm/
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        4.0K Aug 23 09:20 .
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root        4.0K Aug 23 09:19 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        1.0K Aug 23 09:20 bnm_slot2_radio1_180823091951.csv
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        1.0K Aug 23 09:20 bnm_slot2_radio2_180823091951.csv
</code>
In this example, one LoRa module is connected. For each LoRa module, the spectral scan is done for the channel 1 and for the channel 2. \\
To configure the BNM to scan only one channel modify the field ''RADIO_NB="1 2"''. \\
''RADIO_NB="1"'': Only channel 1 will be scan.\\
''RADIO_NB="2"'': Only channel 2 will be scan.

  * __Wirnet iFemtoCell example:__<code>
root@klk-wifc-XXXXXX:~ # ll /var/log/bnm/
drwxr-xr-x    2 root     root        4.0K Jan  8 10:38 .
drwxr-xr-x    3 root     root        4.0K Jan  8 10:38 ..
-rw-r--r--    1 root     root        1.6K Jan  8 10:39 bnm_190108103858.csv
</code>

=== Interpret the result ===

The following is the result of the spectral scan analysis on a Wirnet iBTS on the LoRa module located in slot 2 and for the radio channel 2. \\

The default configuration uses frequency steps of 1MHz on a 62500Hz bandwidth. \\
For each frequency, 20 samples are taken. For 868 MHz gateway, the start frequency is 853 MHz and the stop frequency 883 MHz.
Thus 620 samples are measured. Former measurements are backuped in the directory ''/var/backups/bnm''. 

<code>
root@klk-lpbs-XXXXXXcat :~ # cat /var/log/bnm/bnm_slot2_radio2_180823093716.csv 
853000000,-129.0,1,-128.0,6,-127.0,13
854000000,-128.0,3,-127.0,14,-126.0,3
855000000,-128.0,1,-127.0,13,-126.0,6
856000000,-127.0,2,-126.0,16,-125.0,2
857000000,-127.0,9,-126.0,11
858000000,-127.0,2,-126.0,18
859000000,-126.0,14,-125.0,6
860000000,-125.0,9,-124.0,11
861000000,-125.0,4,-124.0,16
862000000,-125.0,1,-124.0,16,-123.0,3
863000000,-125.0,1,-124.0,16,-123.0,3
864000000,-116.0,3,-115.0,10,-114.0,7
865000000,-124.0,1,-123.0,15,-122.0,4
866000000,-123.0,8,-122.0,11,-121.0,1
867000000,-124.0,13,-123.0,7
868000000,-125.0,2,-124.0,10,-123.0,8
869000000,-126.0,1,-125.0,8,-124.0,11
870000000,-126.0,1,-125.0,5,-124.0,14
871000000,-126.0,2,-125.0,13,-124.0,5
872000000,-126.0,2,-125.0,5,-124.0,12,-123.0,1
873000000,-126.0,19,-125.0,1
874000000,-127.0,1,-126.0,18,-125.0,1
875000000,-127.0,19,-126.0,1
876000000,-128.0,8,-127.0,12
877000000,-129.0,2,-128.0,10,-127.0,8
878000000,-128.0,11,-127.0,9
879000000,-128.0,13,-127.0,7
880000000,-124.0,11,-123.0,9
881000000,-128.0,12,-127.0,8
882000000,-128.0,7,-127.0,13
883000000,-128.0,11,-127.0,9
</code>

In the above result, 20 measures have been done for 863 MHz frequency. 1 time the result was -125 dBm, 16 times -124 dBm and 3 times -123 dBm.


==== Known issues ====

  * The number of frequency steps is limited to 255. Mind that the step number must be below that limit. Adjustments are possible by configuring ''START_FREQ_MHZ'', ''STOP_FREQ_MHZ'' and ''STEP_FREQ_MHZ''.
  * BNM frequency configuration files depending on the board (''bnm-868.conf'', ''bnm-923.conf'', ''bnm-915.conf'') are not kept by default when upgrading the gateway.  These files are not written in ''sysupgrade.conf'' and must be added if necessary.


<ifauth @admin,@klk>
===== Manuel radio scanning (for Wirnet iBTS only) =====

LOC modules (used to send/receive LoRa RF) contain a chip (sx1239) used as a radio scanner.

To use this radio scanner, the first step is to connect to the sx1239 through the ''microcom'' serial terminal. 

The path of the sx1239 can be retrieved in the ''/tmp/sys_startup_status.json'' json file in the ''acm_path'' field. Depending on the gateway used, up to 4 paths can be present on it.

<code bash>
$ grep acm_path /tmp/sys_startup_status.json
"acm_path": "/dev/slot/2/ttyACM",
"acm_path": "/dev/slot/3/ttyACM",
</code>

Once the slot of a modem is identified, the serial port can be opened with the ''microcom'' command, with one of the previously displayed paths as parameter. To log the traces of the ''microcom'' command, a pipe to the ''tee'' command is used.

<code bash>
$ microcom /dev/slot/2/ttyACM | tee /tmp/spectral_scan.log 
</code>

The command to start a spectrum scanning is ''sx1239'', with the following parameters: 
  * scan mode: need to be fl
  * number of paths: need to be 1 for Lora Dual modem
  * start frequency in Hertz
  * stop frequency in Hertz (a maximum bandwidth of 15MHz between the start and stop frequencies can be used)
  * frequency step in Hertz (should be 62500)
  * frequency bandwidth in Hertz (should be 62500) 
  * bitrate (should be 600)
  * loop number, set to 0 for an infinite scanning

<code bash>
$ sx1239 fl 1 863000000 865000000 62500 62500 600 10
0:0:7C7C7B7B7B7C7C7A7B7B7A7B7B7B7B7B797B7A7A7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7C7B7B7B7B
0:216:7C7B7C7B7C7C7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7A747B7B7A7A7B7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7B7A7A
0:216:7B7C7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7A7B7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7A7B7B7B7B
0:216:7B7B7B7A7B7C7B7B7B7B7A7B7A7B7C7B757A7A7B7A7A7B7A7A7A7A7B7B7B7B7B7C
0:216:7B7B7B7C7C7B7C7A7B7B7B7B7B7C7A7B7A7B7B7A7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7A7B
0:216:7B7C7B7B7B7B7B7A7B7B7B7A7B7B7B7B777A7A7B7B7B7B7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7B
0:216:7B7B7B7B7B7B7C7B7B7B7A7B7B7C7B7B767A7A7A7B7A7A7A7A7A7B7A7B7A7C7B7B
0:216:7B7C7B7B7C7B7B7B7B7B7B7B7C7A7B7B767A7B7B7B7A7A7A7A7A7A7B7B7A7B7B7A
0:216:7C7C7B7C7B7B7C7B7B7C7B7B7A7B7B7B777A7A7B7A7A7A7B7B7A7B7B7B7A7B7B7B
0:216:7B7A7A7B7C7C7C7A7B7B7C7C7B7A7A7B797B7A7B7C7A7A7A7B7A7B7A7A7A7A7A7B

#press ctrl+x to exit microcom
</code>

The spectrum data are returned line by line. Each line corresponds to a complete scan of the band. The format is ASCII and respects the following protocol:

<code>
[PATH] : [DURATION] : [DATA] [END]
</code>

Where :
  * [PATH] : radio path number : 0 or 1 (always 0 for Lora Dual modem)
  * [DURATION] : duration of the scan of the full band expressed in milli-seconds coded as a decimal
  * [DATA] : N x data coded as hexascii between 00 and FF, it expresses the opposite of the received power (-RSSI)
  * [END] : synchro character: \r\n (0x0D 0x0A)

The following command is an example of how to convert the raw data contained in the ''spectral_scan.log'' file to decimal RSSI values in dBm. (it requires gawk, therefore, it cannot be directly used on the gateway).

<code bash>
$ grep "0:" spectral_scan.log | sed 's/^[\0-9]:[0-9]*://g' | sed 's/.\{2\}/& /g' | awk --non-decimal-data '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++) $i=sprintf("%d","0x"$i)}1' | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)/-\1/g'
-124 -124 -123 -123 -123 -124 -124 -122 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -121 -123 -122 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123
-124 -123 -124 -123 -124 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -122 -116 -123 -123 -122 -122 -123 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -123 -122 -122
-123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123
-123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -122 -123 -124 -123 -117 -122 -122 -123 -122 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -124
-123 -123 -123 -124 -124 -123 -124 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -124 -122 -123 -122 -123 -123 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -122 -123
-123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123 -119 -122 -122 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -123
-123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -124 -123 -123 -118 -122 -122 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -122 -123 -122 -124 -123 -123
-123 -124 -123 -123 -124 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -123 -124 -122 -123 -123 -118 -122 -123 -123 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -122
-124 -124 -123 -124 -123 -123 -124 -123 -123 -124 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -119 -122 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123 -122 -123 -123 -123
-123 -122 -122 -123 -124 -124 -124 -122 -123 -123 -124 -124 -123 -122 -122 -123 -121 -123 -122 -123 -124 -122 -122 -122 -123 -122 -123 -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 -123
</code>



</ifauth>
Wirnet™ i-series

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